Archive of Grant Recipients Since 2004
Hyland R. Johns Grant Recipients
2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
John Z. Duling Grant Recipients
2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010
2009 Hyland R. Johns Grants
Survey for tolerance to Emerald Ash Borer within North American ash species
Daniel Herms, Ohio State University
Some native ash trees (lingering ash) in forest stands infested with EAB appear to be resistant to EAB. We propose to identify and preserve these genotypes through grafting.
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2008 Hyland R. Johns Grants
Effects of root pruning newly planted large trees on decay, root regeneration, and stability
Edward F. Gilman, University of Florida
This project is designed to answer the questions: 1) does removing root defects formed in the nursery
increase tree stability after planting, and 2) do roots of a certain diameter on large trees die back and decay
instead of regenerating new roots?
The impacts of aerated compost teas on trees, soils, and the environment
Bryant Scharenbroch, The Morton Arboretum, Illinois
The research will examine soil compaction and rates of Aerated Compost Tea (ACT) application, NPK
fertilization, and a water control. It will assess above- and below-ground tree response and soil biological,
chemical and physical properties. Nutrient losses to the atmosphere and hydrosphere will be measured.
Measuring forces and stresses during rigging operations
Brian Kane, University of Massachusetts
Trees will be removed with conventional rigging techniques and forces, stresses, and dynamic motion of the
tree will be measured. Data will be analyzed to develop both practical guidelines for climbers and a more
robust physical model of the tree using finite element analyses.
Measuring the breaking strength of climbing systems
Dennis Ryan, University of Massachusetts
An increasingly popular single rope technique that employs a cammed ascender on a single rope will be
tested for its strength when used with climbing lines.
Investigating physical soil conditions and tree response to permeable paving
Justin Morgenroth, New Zealand School of Forestry, University of Canterbury
This research will investigate the effects of permeable pavement on underlying soil conditions and the
resulting whole tree response.
Can improved urban soil management result in increased soil carbon storage and greater tree growth?
Susan Day, Virginia Tech
Determine if soil restoration practices improve carbon storage and find the most economically viable and
beneficial restoration treatment in terms of carbon sequestration and tree response.
Development of risk assessment criteria for branch failures within the crowns of trees
John Goodfellow, BioCompliance, Washington
Identify and manage high-risk branches resulting in a reduction of tree-caused damages, improvement in the
safety of arborists, reduction of power interruptions, and improvement of the cost-efficiency of vegetation
maintenance expenditures by cities and utilities.
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2007 Hyland R. Johns Grants
Towards improving soil biology and organic matter for urban tree health
Bryant Scharenbroch and Gary Watson, Morton Arboretum
Examine biochemistry in urban soils, determine the effectiveness of mulching, compost teas, and
fertilization to improve soil organic matter and soil biology. Particular focus will be placed on
compost teas as a mulch alternative in situations where surface mulching is not possible.
Strategies and techniques to remediate compacted, poorly draining soils
Nina Bassuk, Cornell University
Modify the new soil health protocols developed for farmers to be useful for arborists and
landscape managers, evaluate various soil modification techniques and produce a free, web based
manual what will take the landscape manager through the steps necessary to assess and
ameliorate the soil in preparation for panting one tree or an entire landscape.
Novel disease control compounds to reduce pesticide usage in the arboricultural industry
Glynn Percival, University of Reading, UK and Bartlett Tree Research Laboratory
Investigate the efficacy of calcium, phosphites, and sodium bicarbonate alone and with synthetic
fungicides on controlling apple scab and Phytophthora root rot.
Effects of structural pruning on red maple trunk movement in wind
Ed Gilman and Forrest Masters, University of Florida and Jason Grabosky, Rutgers University
This study will determine if structural pruning enhances the ability of trees to withstand category
one hurricane force winds.
Effect of pruning on the stability of trees in windstorms
Ken James, Brunley College, Brian Kane, University of Massachusetts, and Nelda Matheney and
James Clark, Hortscience
Investigate tree and canopy management strategies that mitigate the effects of wind on shade
trees.
The early years: An analysis of street tree mortality and survival in New York City
Brian McGrath, Columbia University, Erika Svendsen and Lindsay Cambell, USDA Forest
Service, and Jason Grabosky, Rutgers University
A sample of 14,000 trees from the 40,000 trees planted between 1999 and 2003 will be analyzed
to determine factors that influence survival.
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2006 Hyland R. Johns Grants
Reducing transplant losses and enhancing disease resistance of newly planted trees using triazole compounds
Glynn Percival, Bartlett Tree Research Lab and University of Reading
Determine the efficacy of water retaining polymers/triazole root dip combinations on increasing
establishment success of newly planted trees and investigate enhanced disease resistance against apple
scab, oak powdery mildew, and armillaria root rot.
Refining techniques for root ball soil and substrate removal (container grown stock) at planting
Bonnie Appleton, Virginia Tech
Develop a “bare rooting” or “bare balling” technique for both B&B and container-grown trees which
enhances tree establishment, is field practical and economically feasible.
Rehabilitation of urban soils: A critical first step for long-term soil productivity and canopy cover in urban forests
Susan D. Day and Roger Harris, Virginia Tech
Relate easily measurable soil physical and chemical characteristics to ultimate tree growth and to
define techniques that will achieve the soil characteristics necessary for good tree on badly damaged
soils.
Reliability of wood decay indicators for estimation of decay and risk in urban trees
Christopher Luley and David Nowak, USDA Forest Service, SUNY Syracuse University
Provide practical, quantitative data on the frequency of decay indicators (and decay) in urban trees,
their reliability in predicting internal decay, and their application and use in the process of decay
evaluation of urban trees.
Evaluation of the load-bearing capacity of temporary anchor points in living trees
Andreas Detter and Erk Brudi, Bundi & Partner TreeConsult
Pull tests (winching) will be carried out on living Tilia, Acer, Fagus, Populus, Quercus, and Pinus
species branches to measure their modulus of elasticity, yield strength, limit of elasticity, and modulus
of rupture.
New technology to improve post-plant survival and stress resistance in urban trees
Bruce R. Roberts, Ohio Wesleyan University
Efficacy of new humectant technology to improve post-planting survival and performance of
containerized woody seedlings. Humectants are long-lasting and environmentally safe compounds that
attract free water molecules from surrounding soil.
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2005 Hyland Johns Grants
Systemic induced resistance to control root and foliar diseases of urban trees
Dr. Glynn Percival
Investigate the efficacy of a range of commercially available SIR compounds on apple scab and
Phytophthora root rot.
Improving tree root growth and reducing urban runoff by combining the use of porous
pavements and structural soils
Dr. Nina Bassuk
Combine the use of structural soil technology with the use of porous pavements to increase water
recharge and to aid in root growth while preventing storm water runoff.
Identification of outage-causing trees through predictive management.
Dr. R. J. Laverne
Gather data as tree related outages occur and use the data to predict the locations of where future
outages are likely to occur.
Long term impacts of deep planting on Yoshino cherry and red maple.
Dr. Christina Wells
Nine-year-old trees planted at grade, above grade and below grade will be evaluated for girdling
root presence, damage, and girdling root removal.
Focus Fund Project
The effects of wind on tree sway and stability.
Dr. Mark Rudnicki
Measure and reconstruct the sway of individual branches using three dimensional motion capture
technology. This model will then be applied to mature landscape trees.
Residual strength of carabineers and rope snaps after use in tree climbing
Dr. Brian Kane
Carabineers and rope snaps will be used by arborists for a pre-determined time and then be tested
for residual strength.
Understanding water needs and drought tolerance in mature trees used in urban
landscapes
Dr. Lisa Samuelson
Using sap flow technology, whole tree water use will be quantified over two growing seasons in
eight species of irrigated and non-irrigated 12-year-old trees.
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2004 Hyland Johns Grants
Characterization of Variation and Mechanisms of Resistance and Susceptibility of Asian and North
American Ash Species to Emerald Ash Borer.
Daniel Herms and Pierluigi Bonnello, The Ohio State University, and David Smitley, Michigan State
University
The objectives of this project are to determine why EAB is such and aggressive killer of North American Ash
trees, and to identify the mechanisms by which Asian ashes resist EAB.
The Use of Biologically Inert Film Forming Polymers to Control Foliar Diseases of Urban Trees
Glynn Percival, R.A. Bartlett Tree Research Laboratory/university of Reading
The aims of this investigation are to investigate the efficacy of a range of commercially available film forming
polymers on controlling powdery mildew and apple scab, two foliar pathogens frequently encountered in urban
environments.
Evaluating Root Crown Excavation as a Treatment to Increase the Vigor and Survivability of
Landscape Trees with Excessive Soil on the First Order lateral Roots
T. Davis Sydnor and Richard Rathjens, The Ohio State University
This three-year study will focus on determining if root crown excavation will increase the vigor and
survivability of existing landscape trees wit excessive soil on the first order lateral roots.
Evaluating Flora Attractants of Parasitic Insects to Improve Regulation of Plant Feeding Pests
Lawrence M. Hanks, University of Illinois
This research project will explore the potential for managing plant-feeding insect pests in urban landscapes ay
manipulating their natural enemies using volatile chemicals released by flowers.
The Efficacy of Paclobutrazol Application as it Relates to Timing of Utility Right-of-Way Trimming
Shawn Bernick and Jim Zwack, Rainbow TreeCare Scientific Advancements
This research project will investigate the timing of TGR applications as they relate to trimming to determine
the optimum time to apply TGRs for greatest efficacy.
Assessing the Effect of Nutrient Availability on Ponderosa Pine Resource Allocation Between Growth
and Defenses.
John E. Lloyd and Javier Lugo-Pérez, University of Idaho at Moscow
Resource allocation theory suggests that trees must allocate their resources between growth and defense. This
study will investigate the trade-off between growth and production of defensive compounds under varying
nutrient availability, in order to develop a prescription nutrient management strategy to enhance tree stress
resistance mechanisms.
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2010 John Z. Duling Grants
Ground penetrating radar: A new technology to locate, assess and preserve tree roots in
urban development sites
Nina Bassuk, Cornell University
We will locate tree roots in urban, paved and unpaved areas using Ground Penetrating Radar in Ithaca, New York. We will map root growth in three dimensions and relate root growth and
spread to canopy growth and spread for several species of tree that have different root growth patterns such as maple, oak and elm. We hope to determine if there is a correlation between canopy and root growth under similar soil and climate conditions. Eventually we plan to generate a practitioner’s guide for the use of GPR in development sites including strategies for reducing damage to existing tree roots and providing enough soil volume for newly planted trees to allow them to grow to their envisioned size.
Exploration of woody endophytes for increased tree performance
Taryn Bauerle, Cornell University
I expect tree foliar endophytes can be utilized in integrated pest management (IPM) strategies to increase host productivity by reducing pest loads. Identification of foliar endophyte species capable of reducing host nutrient and water requirements (increased drought tolerance) is also expected. Infection of E- plants with endophytes across 15 host species followed by drought treatments will be used to determine interactions between host infection status and drought response.
Rigging speed line forces
Joseph Scharf, University of Massachusetts
This research aims to record the forces and stresses generated on the ropes and trees used in a speed line process and how these forces affect the rigging gear and tree stability. The project aims to quantify the 2 basic risks to the climber and the ground crew. First is the failure of rigging gear such as ropes, pulleys, and friction devices. Second is the failure of some part of the tree itself. Once the forces are determined, the project will provide practical guidelines useful to climbers and ground crews for judging the mass of branches and trunk pieces which a speed line system can safely handle.
Uptake, distribution and persistence of systemic fungicides in large palms
Monica Elliott, University of Florida
The overall objective of this research is to determine the uptake, distribution and persistence of selected systemic pesticides in large palms (mature palms with trunks) over a defined time
period. The initial focus is on currently registered systemic fungicides that have the potential for management of the two Fusarium wilt pathogens (F. oxysporum f. sp. canariensis and f. sp. palmarum).
Effect of tree form and branch orientation on load response
Ed Gilman, University of Florida
The objective of this study is to compare damping characteristics of trees structurally pruned to reduce occurrence of upright branches with damping characteristics of trees pruned to encourage the decurrent form primarily using the raise pruning type.
Does propagation method impact survival and growth of below grade planted trees?
Michael Arnold, Texas A&M University
The objective of the proposed study is to determine if trees derived from cutting propagated
materials respond differently to various planting depths than conventional seedling derived trees.
Evaluating damage resulting from volcano mulching
Gary Watson, Morton Arboretum
The purpose of this research project is to determine if volcano mulch creates conditions
conducive to stem rot, canker disease, or root problems. Identifying the causal organisms and the environments that are necessary for disease development will aid in understanding the
epidemiology and lead to disease prevention.
Consequences and impacts of wire basket retention and removal on establishment and root morphology of a shallow-rooted and a deep-rooted tree species
J. Ryan Stewart, University of Illinois
We propose to determine how effective various wire-basket-removal practices (i.e., no removal, partial removal, and complete removal) are in reducing wire basket conflicts. We will also assess the effort needed to complete each treatment and root ball disruption and growth loss resulting from wire basket removal. Finally, we will assess wire integrity over time to address conflicting views of rates of metal degradation in soil.
Effects of root system configuration and partial excavation on tree stability
Stephen Mitchell, University of British Columbia
In order to assess the behavior of tree root-soil systems with different root configurations,
different root-soil volumes, and varying levels of damage we will: 1) instrument tree stems and root systems and monitor deflection and resistance under dynamic loading, and then under progressively increasing static loading up to failure; 2) document root configuration and soil properties for failed trees; 3) use this information to calibrate and validate numerical finite
element simulations of root-soil system behavior under load; 4) use these models to explore the implications of root configuration and material properties, and soil properties for mechanical configuration; 5) explore the implications of root pruning, disease or constrained root systems for tree stability; and, 6) develop tools and standards for arborists to use in assessing the root/soil component of tree stability.
Cutting Baldcypress off at the knees
Michael Arnold, Texas A&M University
The proposed research would facilitate the development of clonally produced baldcypress trees with reduced propensities to grow knees in urban and suburban environments. Labor costs for removal of the knees when they interfere with mowing or repairing the damage associated with hitting them with mowers or when they damage infrastructure when they grow could be reduced or eliminated.
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2009 John Z. Duling Grants
Effects of Container Types and Root Pruning on Root Quality and Tree Stability
Dr. Edward F. Gilman, University of Florida
This research seeks solutions to root defects caused by container production by evaluating what root pruning strategy (slicing, shaving, bare rooting, or butterflying) works best.
Changes in Soil Microbial Populations and Functioning in Managed Urban Landscapes
Dr. Les P. Werner, University of Wisconsin – Stevens Point
This project will characterize changes in the chemical, physical, and biological properties of soil exposed to the process of urbanization and urban landscape management regimes and will establish critical baseline information that will enhance the arborist’s capacity to manage landscape trees and/or the urban soil that supports these trees.
Controlled Environment Evaluation of Aerated Compost Tea (ACT)
Dr. Laura Jull, University of Wisconsin – Madison
The proposed research will optimize ACT preparation for use in a controlled environmental greenhouse experiment which will allow control of highly variable environmental factors that naturally occur in the landscape. Varied rates of ACT will be applied to four commercially significant species of trees and shrubs and will be compared to conventional fertilization practices.
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2008 John Z. Duling Grants
Can Biostimulants Enhance Disease Resistance in Urban Trees?
Glynn Percival and C. Payne, University of Reading, UK
Investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of commercially available biostimulants singly and in
combination on enhancing resistance of urban trees to apple scab and Phytophthora root rot.
Best Management for Deeply Planted Trees with Adventitious Roots.
Roger Harris and Susan Day, Virginia Tech.
Determine 1) if the ability to form adventitious improves tree growth and health of deeply planted
trees, 2) the effectiveness of root collar excavation, and 3) the effects of remediation treatments on tree
stability.
A Soil Quality Index for Arboriculture.
Bryant Scharenbroch, Morton Arboretum
Develop a temporal gradient system relating to the time since major site disturbance in residential
landscapes using standard soil quality evaluation tools.
Breaking Strength of Rigging Knots.
Brian Kane, University of Massachusetts
Test the strength of rigging knot configurations during peak loads.
Crown Pruning Effects on Fine Root Development of Green Ash.
P. Eric Wiseman, Virginia Tech
Continue an ongoing investigation to quantify the response of fine root development to standard
pruning treatments.
Impact of Post-Establishment Applied Organic Mulch on Gas Exchange and Growth of
Landscape Tree Species.
Thayne Montague and Cynthia McKenney, Texas Tech University
Monitor and compare gas exchange and growth of established trees which have and do not have mulch
placed on the soil surface.
Water Use by Mixed – and Single-Species Urban Landscapes.
Kurt Steinke, Texas A& M
Determine whether the relationship between actual water use and potential evapotranspiration is the
same for turf grass, turf grass/woody plant and woody plant landscapes across diverse climatic regions.
Modeling Tree Growth to Better Predict Canopy Coverage in Urban Environments.
P. Eric Wiseman, Virginia Tech
Empirically derive urban tree growth rates and develop measurement protocols that municipal arborists
can use to predict canopy growth rates in their own localities.
Impact of Root Severance and Root Regeneration Potential of Large Diameter, Mature Woody
Roots.
Dustin Meador and Ed Gilman, University of Florida
Determine the regeneration potential of severed, woody roots on mature live oak trees with a diameter
of more than 2 feet dbh.
Investigations into Pine Wilt Resistant Pinus sylvestris.
Jason Griffin, Kansas State University
Propagate trees with apparent pine wilt resistance by grafting and challenge them the pine wilt
nematode to determine their resistance.
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2007 John Duling Grants
Ash Root Collar Regeneration and uptake of Merit Insecticide
Thomas Green, Fred Miller, and Gary Watson
Develop a method to produce a long lasting high concentration of roots around the base of a tree in order
to provide better and more consistent uptake of Merit for control of EAB.
The influence of synthetic water holding polymers on increasing transplant success of trees
Glynn Percival, U. of Reading
Determine the effectiveness of WHPs to improve transplanting success; concentrations needed; product
durability; and long term effects on tree growth.
Effects of Mounded Mulch on Canker and Decay in Freeman Maples
Jeffery Gillman and Gary Johnson, U. Minnesota
Investigate whether piling mulch against the trunks of Freeman maples with or without bark
compromised leads to canker and decay of the tree stem.
Assessing Field Level Cold Tolerance in Improved Genotypes of Taxodium distichum Tolerant of
Alkaline Soils and Drought
Michael Arnold, Texas A&M
Determine if there is a geographical basis for drought, alkalinity, and salt tolerance in bald cypress, and to
evaluate provenances in an effort to select those which yield individuals that are most adaptable/tolerant
to these environmental stresses.
Impact of Imidacloprid on Disease Severity and Vector Recolonization in Oaks Susceptible to
Bacterial Leaf Scorch
James Lashomb et. al., Rutgers University
Assess the impact of imiacloprid on disease development and to use this compound as a tool to study
vector recolonization and transmission efficiency.
Mycorrhizae and Drought Stress in New Urban Plantings
Grant Jones and Bal Rao, Davey Institute
Quantify the relationship between mycorrhizae and plant water relations, and plant health. Determine the
susceptibility of trees to biotic and abiotic disorders when mycorrhizae are present and not present, and
compare endomycorrhizae and ectomychorrizae effectiveness.
The Comparative Cost-benefit of Composted Greenwaste as a Mulch and Soil Amendment for the
Improved Establishment Success of Municipal Tree Planting
David Marcus Bellett-Travers, Nottingham Trent University
Investigate the interactions between compost additions and root growth from different stock types, and
the cost effectiveness of these treatments relative to soil water retention, reducing weed competition and
surface evaporation.
Improving Hazard Tree Diagnostic Tools for Arborists: How Well do Visual Observations of
Fungal Fruiting Bodies Predict Extend of Wood Decay in Urban Trees?
Jason A. Smith, University of Florida
Determine how presence and types of fungal fruiting bodies relate to the extent of decay, classify and
quantify decay types present, and establish recommendations for arborists when assessing hazard trees.
Soil, Irrigation, and Production Factors Influencing Establishment of Container-Grown Trees at
Various Planting Depths
Michael A. Arnold, Texas A&M
Investigate the interactions among planting depth of container-grown trees and other cultural conditions
associated with the transplant process or residual effects related to nursery production practices on
lanscscape tree establishment.
Is the Exotic Banded Elm Bark Beetle a Vector of the Dutch Elm Disease Pathogen?
W. R. Jacobi, Colorado State University
Determine if the BEBB can inoculate American elm branches with DED, and determine wound size and
depth in branches of American elm trees fed on by caged BEBB.
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2006 John Z. Duling Grants
Improving oak transplant success by investigating the effects of caliper size on establishment
Dr. Nina Bassuk, Cornell University
Determine the relationship between caliper size and establishment of four oak species, and compare the
physiological characteristics that influence transplant success.
Identification of signaling molecules in the systemic induced resistance phenomenon in Austrian
pine
Perluigi Bonello, Ohio State University
Identification of the signaling molecules involved in SIR to Diplodia tip blight of Austrian pine for
possible use to induce disease resistance.
Effects of soil type, cultural practices, and mycorrhizal inoculation on native mycorrhizal, carbon
allocation, and stress tolerance in paper birch
Perluigi Bonello, Ohio State University
Determine the effects of fertilizer amendment and treatment with a commercial inoculant on the
mycorrhizal associations of paper birch in two soil types.
Mature tree response to hurricane-related flooding in northern Gulf Coast communities
Hallie Dozer, Louisiana State University
Initial data collection on mature canopy tree response to hurricane-caused floods in coastal Mississippi,
Louisiana and Texas.
Evaluating staking systems’ effectiveness in wind storms
Ed Gilman, University of Florida
Quantify the effectiveness of various tree stabilization products when newly planted trees are subjected to
wind loading.
Street tree decline and construction damage: Long term impacts of infrastructure repair on the
survivability and condition of trees
Dr. Richard Hauer, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point
Measure the long-term effects (20 – 25 years) of construction damage to street trees. Follow up study by
revisiting construction sites from the 1980s.
Impact of Magnesium Chloride solutions on rhizosphere of four tree species
William Jacobi, Colorado State University
Analyze the growing medium in which trees from an earlier study were subjected to repeated applications
containing four concentrations of MgCl2 (a chemical used as a de-icing salt) for 12 weeks.
Tree loss due to urban infrastructure improvement
Gary Johnson, University of Minnesota
Document the effects of infrastructure improvements on the condition and structural integrity of street
trees in 5 – 7 Midwestern cities.
Optimization of sulfur fertilization for improved tree growth and health
Michael Mickelbart, Purdue University
Confirm the beneficial effects of S on N uptake and storage, N contribution to following seasons growth,
and stress tolerance.
Improving winter and salt hardiness of evergreen trees
Dr. Glynn Percival, R.A. Bartlett Tree Research Lab
Determine the effectiveness and feasibility of commercially available Ca fertilizers in combination with
film forming polymers to improve the freezing and salt tolerance of evergreen trees.
Identifying genes involved in resistance to White Pine Blister Rust in Eastern White Pine
Jason Smith, University of Minnesota
Identify genes and molecular markers associated with resistance to White Pine Blister Rust.
Is transplanted tree mortality due to mechanical damage or to dessication during transport?
J. Ryan Stewart, University of Illinois
Determine to what degree shipping conditions affect the survival and re-growth after transplanting of
river birch and pin oak.
Earthworm ecology and applied technology in landscape tree soils
Eric Wiseman, Virginia Tech
Determine if earthworm populations can be augmented through introduction, if earthworms alter soil
properties, and if earthworm introduction benefits landscape trees.
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2005 John Z. Duling Grants
Can Arborists Create a Sustainable Rhizosphere?
J. Roger Harris, Virginia Tech
Creation of biologically healthy soils through the incorporation of composted organic wastes into the
rhizosphere, should increase levels of “good” microbes, improve nutrient cycling and reduce soil-borne
pathogens. Three different organic amendments will be added to three biologically distinct native tree species to
see if the biological activity of the root-soil environment can be enhanced.
Effects of Reduction Pruning on Growth, Decay, and Morphology of Tree Branches
Dr. John E. Lloyd & Steven P. Nittolo, University of Idaho
The union is stronger when the side branch is smaller than the stem to which it is attached (lower aspect ratio).
The objectives of this study are to determine the severity of pruning necessary to influence the aspect ratio, and
to determine the optimal amount of subordination pruning necessary to reduce the potential for decay.
Root Hardiness of Tree and Shrubs Suitable for Container Planting in the Urban Landscape
Dr. Nina Bassuk, Cornell University
Growing trees in planters and on rooftops exposes tree roots to low temperatures. The objectives of this study
are to rate the cold hardiness of tree roots, to determine when during the season roots are most cold acclimated,
and to determine if potentially lethal temperatures are reached in containers of various volume and design.
Removing Soil and Substrate from Root Balls at Planting
Bonnie Lee Appleton, Virginia Tech
A “root washing” technique used in Spokane, WA essentially converts B&B trees to bare root trees before
planting. Advantages over traditional planting methods in locating the root collar and correct planting depth,
treating damaged or misoriented roots, avoiding soil interface problems, and several other factors will be tested.
Evaluation of Novel Film Forming Polymers to Reduce Freezing and Salt Damage
Dr. Glynn Percival & Professor C. Payne, Bartlett Tree Research Laboratory-UK & Univ. of Reading
There is a demand for compounds that can protect against freezing temperatures and deicing salt that are
inexpensive and applied on short notice. Liquid plastics previously used antitranspirants can also form a
physical barrier to protect against salt damage and an insulating layer to protect against freezing damage.
Pest Vulnerability Matrix (PVM): A Graphic Model for Assessing the Interaction between Tree Species
Diversity and Urban Forest Susceptibility to Insects and Diseases
Joe R. McBride, University of California, Berkeley
Low diversity of trees in urban forests is likely to result in a severe outbreak of pests. This project presents a
means for rapid analysis and graphic display of the interaction between urban forest tree species diversity and
susceptibility to insects and diseases.
Urban Landscape Water Use Management: Estimating Application Rates for Urban Trees
Dr. William L. Bauerle, Clemson University
Irrigation of ornamental landscape trees tends to be excessive. This study will apply the knowledge developed
from their previous TREE Fund funded project to develop water use estimates for several tree species and size
classes, in order to increase landscape water use efficiency.
Measuring Branch Architecture and Localized Wood Strength Properties to Develop Load Distribution
Models
Jason Grabosky Ph.D & Gregory Dahle, Rugters University
The goal of restoration pruning is to return an injured canopy to condition similar to a ‘natural’ canopy. The
objectives of this research is to investigate if canopy development leads to predictable patterns of inerative
growth, to ascertain whether these patters follow naturally proportional distributions, and have an impact on
wood strength properties.
Implications of Distribution of Propiconizole in Red Oaks on the Management of below Ground Spread
of Ceratocystis fagcacearum
Dr. Jennifer Juzwik & Ryan Blaedow, USDA Forest Service and University of Minnesota
There is observational evidence to suggest that when propiconazol is used to prevent the below-ground spread of
oak wilt (Ceratocystis fagacearum) to nearby red oaks, the treatment is effective for no more than two years, but
no research based evidence of any projection. The objective of this study is to determine if propiconazol has the
ability to protect red oak from the spread of oak wilt via root grafts.
The Occurrence, Impact, and Correction of Excessive Soil over the Root System of Container-Grown
Landscape Trees
T. Davis Sydnor, Ph.D, The Ohio State University
Surveys of trees on residential sites and along streets have shown that there is excessive soil over root systems
on more than 50 percent of the trees. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of excess soil on the
root architecture of container grown trees in order to predict future stem girdling roots after container grown
trees are planted in the landscape.
A Formulaic Expert Method to Integrate the Evaluation and Valuation of Heritage Trees
Professor C.Y. Jim, University of Hong Kong
Existing monetary valuation methods for trees were developed for general use, and do not meet the needs of
unique heritage trees. This study will establish criteria for assessment of heritage trees, develop a formulaic
method with minimum subjectivity, and develop a property-linked approach to convert assessment results to
monetary units.
The Relative Importance of Nitidulade Beetles and Bark Beetles in Transmission of Oak Wilt
Maya Hayslett and Jennifer Juzwik, University of Minnesota and USDA Forest Service
Overland transmission of oak wilt by insect vectors is responsible for initiating new disease centers. Nitidulid
beetles casually visiting oak wilt mats and healthy trees have been considered to be the primary vectors. Recent
research has implicated bark beetles as important vectors. The objective of this research is to determine the
principle vector species.
Gastrodianin: A Possible New Tool to Manage Soil Borne Diseases of Woody Plants
Guido Schnabel, Clemson University
Armellaria species can be aggressive pathogens. Controls are virtually non-existent. A plant derived protein,
Gastrodianin, with antifungal properties against Armellaria was recently discovered in the corm of a Chinese
orchid, and its encoding gene has been identified. The objective of this project is to evaluate the usefulness of
gastrodianin against soil borne fungi.
Air Excavation Sampling Effects on Fine Root Integrity
Kevin Kosola, University of Wisconsin
The effects of air excavation on tree fine root recovery and integrity have not been previously characterized.
This study will compare roots from a variety of tree species collected by air excavation with roots collected by
hydropneumatic elutriation from soil cores.
Adaptability Trial of Fifteen Eucalyptus Tree Species in Central Ethiopia
Tedla Woldemichael, Ethiopia
Wood for fuel and construction materials is in short supply in Ethiopia. It is important to find and recommend
quick growing tree species. Eucalyptus species from similar ecosystems in Australia will be tested. Greater
diversity of tree species will assist the expansion of arboriculture.
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2004 John Z. Duling Grants
Do Eradication Programs for Exotic Wood Borers Result in Mite Outbreaks?
Michael J. Raupp, University of Maryland, Jan Nyrop, Cornell University
Higher levels of mites and greater amounts of mite injury appeared to be related to the application of
imidacloprid against Asian Longhorn Beetle in Central Park. This project will determine if trees treated
with imidacloprid sustain greater mite injury, or have different natural enemies. The influence of
hardscape around trees will also be determined.
Identifying the Causes of Tree Decline in Urban Environments Using Fluorescence
“Fingerprinting”
Dr. Glynn Percival, R.A. Bartlett Tree Research Laboratory/University of Reading, Professor C.
Payne/University of Reading
Changes in leaf fluorescence parameters are unique to specific environmental and chemical stresses
frequently encountered in urban landscapes. This project will investigate if interpretation of a range of
fluorescence responses can be used to construct a fluorescence fingerprint for different stresses.
Prevention of Pine Wilt of Scots Pine with Systemic Injections of Abamectin
Ned Tisserat, T. Todd, R. James, Kansas State University
Avermectins are macro cyclic lactones that have insecticidal and nematicidal properties. The objective of
this project is to determine whether abamectin, a member of the avermectin family (sold as Avid), has
nematicidal properties and can be used in Scots pine to protect against pine wilt disease.
Long-Term Effects of Container Production
J. Roger Harris, Susan Day, Virginia Tech
Arborists are concerned about the long-term effects of container-grown trees due to deformed root
systems and soil less media. Do container-grown trees reach amenity size more slowly than field-grown
trees? Does initial root deformation increase the presence of girdling roots? Is the root architecture
developing from container balls less desirable?
Use of Soil Injections of Carbohydrates to Improve Root Development and Aid Transplanting
Success of Woody Plants
Dr. Peter John Lumsden, University of Central Lancashire
This project will investigate the use of soil injections of carbohydrates and mycorrhizae to improve the
establishment of urban trees, focusing on the effects of, species, age and soil nutrient differences.
Epidemiology and Control of Sudden Oak Death
John H. Andrews, University of Wisconsin
The Sudden Oak Death pathogen, Phtophthora ramorum, is harbored in the leaves of other woody plants
associated with oaks, and moves by wind and rain to the oak hosts. Study of the pathogen and its
interaction with other members of the leaf surface microbial community on both symptomatic and
asymptomatic hosts may provide insight on methods to control this disease.
Rope Friction During Rigging Operations
Brian Kane, Virginia Tech
Forces in a rigging system can greatly exceed what an arborist may expect. The primary objective of this
study is to continue work started by Donzelli (1999) to investigate friction properties of tree species and
arborist blocks.
Effects of Fertilization and Paclobutrazol on Carbon Allocation, Stress Tolerance, and Insect
Resistance of Paper Birch
Daniel A. Herms, Ohio State University
The objective is to quantify the effects of paclobutrazol and fertilization on carbon allocation, insect
resistance and stress tolerance of paper birch. Paclobutrazol may enhance and fertilization may decrease
insect resistance and stress tolerance, and may offset each other when applied together.
Soil Inoculum Potential and Fine Root Colonization in Acer Rubrum from Forested and Developed
Ecosystems
Christina Wells, Eric Wiseman, Clemson University
The objectives are to compare the VAM inoculums potential of disturbed landscape soils with that of
native soils in adjacent forested areas and to quantify VAM colonization levels in red maples growing in
each soil type.
Planting Deep: Evaluating Long-Term Effects on Trees and Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment
Susan D. Day, J. Roger Harris, Virginia Tech
How does deep planting affect a tree’s ability to survive poor drainage, and ultimately, its longevity?
Does root collar excavation alleviate the effects of deep planting? How do root systems grow in response
to deep planting?
Evaluation of Trunk Flare Planting Depth of Field-grown Trees from Tennessee Nurseries
Douglas Airhart, Tennessee Tech
The objective of this project is to determine the frequency at which trees are being produced with their
trunk flares too deep in the ground at field-grown nurseries.
Use of Compost-amended Soils and Commercial Substrates to Enhance Transplant Success in
Urban Plantings
Bruce Roberts, Ohio Wesleyan University
This research proposes to study the use of compost-amended soils and commercial substrates to help
facilitate the successful transplanting of trees in the urban environment.
Study the Feasibility of Using Heavily Pruned Large Size Seedlings as Transplanting Materials in
Street Tree Planting
Jun Yang, University of California, Berkeley
In Beijing, China, a technique using heavily pruned (90-100% of canopy removal) trees for street tree
planting has proven successful and inexpensive. This study proposes to study the methods being used in
China for possible adaptation to the US.
