Grant
No.: 203 Year of Award: 1996
Investigator:
Thomas Ranney
Title: Genetic
enhancement of pest resistance in Rosaceous trees
Key
Words:
Publications
Resulting From Grant:
Summary
of Findings: Inter-generic hybridization: A
systematic approach of reciprocal crosses was undertaken in 1997 to evaluate
the potential for the inter-generic crosses between different species of
rosaceous trees including Pyrus, Sorbus, and Malus. Over 10,000 individual crosses have been
made. A variety of techniques were
evaluated including use of specific plant growth regulators for manipulating
different aspects of fertilization and embryo development. None of the intergenetic crosses between
Pyrus and Sorbus have been successful, to date.
However, some crosses between different taxa of Pyrus and Malus were
successful. In general, fruit set from
these crosses was extremely low (less than 1%).
Applications of plant growth regulators had no significant effect on
crossability. However, combinations of
certain genotypes had much greater fruit set than other combinations. Seedlings derived from these crosses had low
survival (~3%) and generally appeared to suffer from hybrid breakdown. A few seedlings have survived and flowered
for the first time in 2000. Although
these plants generally exhibit low vigor, they are fertile and could well
provide a genetic bridge for further efforts. The effect of induced polyploidy on pest
resistance: Work on the development of polyploids has been productive. Methods have been developed for the use of
the mitotic inhibitor oryzalin as a chromosome doubling agent. We have been successful in creating
tetraploid forms of Malus, Pyrus, Prunus, Photinia, and Pyracantha. Unfortunately, field trials of these plants
do not indicate that simply increasing the chromosome number has had a
significant influence on pest resistance.
However, this avenue of research still has potential for enhancing pest
resistance through additional plant breeding.
Hybridizing at the tetraploid level can allow for the combination
(additively) of defense chemicals from diverse parents, particularly different
species and genera. These plants may
also help to further the first objective by providing material to hybridize at
the tetraploid level.
Specialty
Interest: Commercial0, Municipal0, Utility 0,
General Interest0.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted: Southern
Grant
No.: 204 Year of Award: 1996
Investigator:
John Dolwin
Title: Evaluation of
the mechanical aids for testing defects in trees and wood
Key
Words:
Publications
Resulting From Grant:
Summary
of Findings: STILL PENDING
Specialty
Interest: Commercial0, Municipal0, Utility 0,
General Interest0.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted: Mid-Atlantic
Grant
No.: 205 Year of Award: 1996
Investigator:
Jo-Ann Bentz
Title: Identification
of the Insect vector(s) of the fastidious xylem-limited bacterium Zylella
fastidiosa that causes bacterial leaf scorch & decline of red oak &
American Elm
Key
Words:
Publications
Resulting From Grant:
Summary
of Findings: STILL PENDING
Specialty
Interest: Commercial0, Municipal0, Utility 0,
General Interest0.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted: Mid-Atlantic
Grant
No.: 206 Year of Award: 1996
Investigator:
J.R. Seiler
Title: Quantifying
construction injury to mature trees related to covering the root system with
fill soil
Key
Words:
Publications
Resulting From Grant:
Summary
Of Findings: To date there have been very few
differences detected between trees subjected to the experimental
treatments. However, because damage from
fill may be expected to take several years to manifest itself, it is possible
that differences in growth or stress may be detected next year. From the data collected, there was evidence
the the Fv:Fm ratio (believed to be and indicator of general stress) as
measured by chlorophyll fluorescence was affected by the soil treatments
(p=0.04) for the oaks on one date in September, 1997, indicating that trees
with compacted fill were more stressed than those with uncompacted fill
(controls were in between). We attribute
this to the excessively dry summer of 1997.
The uncompacted fill soil could have acted as a mulch to retain
moisture, therefore reducing tree stress.
No other differences have been detected in tree response. Of note, however, is the considerable
alteration in the moisture dynamics of the soil caused by the compacted
fill. For example, in mid summer,
sweetgum plots showed that the top 15 cm of soil had a volumetric moisture of
22% for the control and uncompacted fill while the moisture was 34% in the
compacted fill. At the same time, at 15
to 30 cm deep (representing the original soil for the fill treatments) moisture
was 29% for the controls versus only 19% and 18% for the fill and compacted
fill, respectively. These patterns vary
throughout the season, but treatment differences are nearly always highly
significant (p<<0.05). We hypothosize that over time, and during certain
weather patterns, the moisture dynamics exhibited by the compacted fill
treatment will adversely affect tree growth.
Specialty
Interest: Commercial0, Municipal0, Utility 0,
General Interest0.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted: Mid-Atlantic
Grant
No.: 207 Year of Award: 1996
Investigator:
Jim Kielbaso
Title: Electric
Utility Herbicide Use Study - brush management in the industry
Key
Words: Vegetation management, utility lines,
herbicides, right-of-way, utilities
Publications
Resulting From Grant: Vegetation Management
along Transmission Utility Lines in the
Summary
of Findings: A survey investigating vegetation
control methods along transmission rights-of-way was sent to 220 Utility
Arborist Assn companies. The survey
contained questions regarding right-of-way characteristics, control methods
used, total dollars spent on vegetation management, and priorities of the
vegetation management program. The ROW
area reported represented over 48% of all the investor owned Row over 39K in
service throughout the
Specialty
Interest: Commercial0, Municipal0, Utility 0,
General Interest0.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted:
Grant
No.: 208 Year of Award: 1996
Investigator:
Greg McPherson
Title: Measures for
evaluting carbon emission reduction/sequestration of urban forestry program
Key
Words: carbon dioxide reduction, carbon dioxide,
sequestration, avoided energy, urban forestry
Publications
Resulting From Grant: Carbon Dioxide Reduction
through Urban Forestry: Guidelines for professional and volunteer tree planters
Summary
Of Findings: Developed by the Pacific Southwest
Research Station's
Specialty
Interest: Commercial-1, Municipal-1, Utility -1,
General Interest-1.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted: Western
Grant
No.: 209 Year of Award: 1996
Investigator:
D.A. Rakow
Title: The effect of
an organic soil amendment on soil checmical and physical properties, plant
growth and the nutrient element content of Acer rubrum
Key
Words:
Publications
Resulting From Grant:
Summary
of Findings:
Specialty
Interest: Commercial0, Municipal0, Utility 0,
General Interest0.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted:
Grant
No.: 210 Year of Award: 1996
Investigator:
Yeon-Su Kim
Title: Measuring the
impacts of near-urban forests on neighboing properties
Key
Words: Hedonic Price, Nonmarket Valuation,
Publications
Resulting From Grant: Measuring the Economic
Impacts of Near-urban Forests on Neighboring Properties, 1997, U.S.S.,
Proceedings IUFRO 1.14.00 Interdisciplinary Uneven-aged Silvivulture
Symposium. The Impact of
Forest Management of Neighboring Property Values, Forest Science (submitted)
Summary
of Findings: This study presents the
contribution of forests and forest management to neighboring property values in
the housing market around
Specialty
Interest: Commercial0, Municipal0, Utility 0,
General Interest-1.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted:
Grant
No.: 211 Year of Award: 1996
Investigator:
Kathleen L. Wolf
Title: Public
preferences for the urban forest in neighborhood malls
Key
Words: public preferences, retail,
social science, urban forestry
Publications
Resulting From Grant:
Summary
of Findings:
A mail survey was
conducted to investigate variability in public preferences, perceptions,
patronage behavior and willingness to pay for products in strip mall settings
having varied urban forest improvements.
Base images of strip malls were enhanced using digital image editing in
order to depict different landscape treatments.
In addition, a collection of images was used to depict two different
retail settings for respondent assessment.
Preference ratings were significantly higher for images having trees and
associated under story landscape versus scenes of buildings having no landscape
screen. While respondents also
associated a higher quality shopping experience with a landscaped setting,
there was little significant correlation between landscape character and
willingness to pay for products.
Additional research is needed to better understand the contributions of
urban forest improvements in creating quality retail environments.
Specialty
Interest: Municipal, General Interest0.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted:
Grant
No.: 212 Year of Award: 1996
Investigator:
Jeffrey Iles
Title: Effect of
several organic and inorganic mulches on tree growth soil and soil properties
Key
Words: Horticultural mulches; root-zone
environment; growth measurements
Publications
Resulting From Grant:
Summary
of Findings: Five mineral mulches and three
organic mulches were evaluated over 2 years to determine their influence on
soil temperature, moisture, and pH and to quantify their effect on growth of
Fairview Flame red maple. Soil
temperatures were highest under shredded bark and wood chips and lowest under
the mineral mulches and the nonmulched control.
Trees growing ini in river rock, crushed brick, pea gravel, and
Specialty
Interest: Commercial-1, Municipal-1, Utility 0,
General Interest-1.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted: Midwestern
Grant
No.: 213 Year of Award: 1996
Investigator:
Brent McCown
Title: Genetic
improvement of white-barked birches for resistance to leafminers
Key
Words: betula; fenusa pusilla; hypersensitive
response; breeding
Publications
Resulting From Grant: In review
Summary
of Findings: This is a long-term project that
has two main goals: 10 to breed birch trees that will have a combination of
high resistance to leafminers/bronze birch borers and ornamental white bark,
and 2) to understand the biology and physiology of resistance to
leafminers. After surveying over a dozen
Betula species for pest resistance levels, two different mechanisms of
resistance were discovered. In some
resistant species, leafminers die shorly after hatching in a leaf. This is in
contrast to the second resistance mechanism where the leafminer egg is
walled-off in the leaf, causing it to desiccate and die. The latter mechanism is typical of a
hypersensitive response commonly seen in pathogen resistance and has been found
in two different genetic lines of Betula.
In addition to detailing this hypersensitive response, over 22
interspecific F-1 hybrid crosses were performed and these progeny were also
evaluated for pest resistance.
Resistance to leafminer appears to be highly heritable. Field test sites
have been planted to evaluate long-term pest resistance and ornamental
characteristics of the hybrid seedlings.
Specialty
Interest: Commercial-1, Municipal-1, Utility 0,
General Interest-1.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted:
Grant
No.: 214 Year of Award: 1996
Investigator:
Yvette Stephens
Title: Using trees as
part of energy-efficient landscaping
Key
Words:
Publications
Resulting From Grant:
Summary
of Findings: GRANT DECLINED BY RESEARCHER
Specialty
Interest: Commercial0, Municipal0, Utility 0,
General Interest0.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted: Mid-Atlantic
Grant
No.: 215 Year of Award: 1996
Investigator:
Title: Utility line
clearance pruning method comparison study
Key
Words: Utility, natural pruning, economics,
sycamore
Publications
Resulting From Grant:
Summary
of Findings: Objective was to compare long-term
costs of natural pruning and topping.
Findings: 1) Natural pruning is
more cost-effective than topping over both the short-term and long-term. 2) Initial pruning costs were higher for the
natural pruning method. 3) Pruning
cycles were longer for natural-pruned trees than for topped trees, and
subsequent pruning cost less.
Specialty
Interest: Commercial0, Municipal-1, Utility -1,
General Interest0.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted: Western
Grant
No.: 216 Year of Award: 1996
Investigator:
Kevin T. Smith
Title: Stem
micro-injection and tree wound response
Key
Words: stem injection, wound response,
compartmentalization
Publications
Resulting From Grant:
Summary
of Findings:
Injected trees will be harvested and
dissected in 2001 – 2002 to determine the tree wound response to the injected
treatments.
Specialty
Interest: Commercial0, Municipal0, Utility 0,
General Interest0.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted:
Grant
No.: 217 Year of Award: 1996
Investigator:
Garry Moorman
Title: Non-chemical
management of plant diseases in the landscape
Key
Words: Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris, dogwood,
Cornus
Publications
Resulting From Grant: Moorman, GW & Lease,
RL. Effects of Pruning in the Management
of Dogwood and Pine Branch Dieback in the Landscape. J. Aboric. 25:274-277
Summary
of Findings: Scots pines at 2 locations and
dogwoods at 1 location were observed for branch dieback from spring 1996
through autumn 1998. Some trees at each
location were comprehensively pruned to eliminate dead twigs and branches and
compared to trees not pruned. Of the
branch-killing fungi present, Sphearopsis was the most important in the pines,
and Discula and Botryosphaeria were the prominent ones in the dogwoods. We concluded that comprehensice pruning of
branches killed by fungi significantly improves the appearance of Scots pines
and dogwoods but does not totally eliminate disease from the trees.
Specialty
Interest: Commercial0, Municipal0, Utility 0,
General Interest0.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted: Penn-Del
Grant
No.: 218 Year of Award: 1996
Investigator:
Karel Jacobs
Title: Pahogen
survival in mulch
Key
Words: Botryosphaeria, Canker, Redbud,
Armillaria, Rootrot, Red Oak, Austrian Pine, Diplodia, Sphaeropsis
Publications
Resulting From Grant: currently submitting
findings to Journal Arborculture. Have
presented the findings at two professional meetings. (99-00)
Summary
of Findings:
Summary of Findings: Of the pathosystems tested, Redbud-Botryosphaeria, canker, Oak-Armelloria Rootrot, and Pine-Sphaeropsis Tip Blight, disease transmission through infected mulching materials occurred only in Pine. After 4 years, the canker and rootrot infected mulch did not appear to transmit disease to healthy plants. "Pseudo-composting" mulching materials resulted in a significantincrease in height across the board.
Specialty
Interest: Commercial0, Municipal0, Utility 0,
General Interest0.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted:
Read Full PDF of findings HERE.
Grant
No.: 219 Year of Award: 1996
Investigator:
Robert Miller
Title: Cultural
activities that predispose trees to sucnscald
Key
Words: Sunscald, borer injury, frost cracks
Publications
Resulting From Grant: Will be submitted to J of
A
Summary
Of Findings: A variety of factors were found to
be associated with sunscald, including flat headed borers, moisture stress,
frost cracks, and canker-causing fungi
Specialty
Interest: Commercial-1, Municipal-1, Utility 0,
General Interest-1.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted:
Grant
No.: 220 Year of Award: 1997
Investigator:
James Klett
Title: Impact of
storage methods on transplant success of woody plants
Key
Words: Tilia cordata, greenspire, post-harvest
handling, root control, root growth
Publications
Resulting From Grant:
Summary
of Findings: Tilia cordata "Greenspire"
trees were stored (post-harvest) by six different methods from April to August
1997. Trees were removed from storage
and planted in field in August 1997.
Mulching root ball in staorage improved physiological quality of nursery
stock during storage. However, extensive
root growth(sand & mulch treatments) during holding periods resulted in
slower establishment. No detrimental
effects were observed after two years in out planting performance by containing
root growth during post-harvest storage.
Specialty
Interest: Commercial-1, Municipal-1, Utility 0,
General Interest-1.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted: Rocky Mountain
Grant
No.: 221 Year of Award: 1997
Investigator:
Nina Bassuk
Title: Measuring root
growth under pavement
Key
Words:
Publications
Resulting From Grant:
Summary
of Findings: STILL PENDING
Specialty
Interest: Commercial0, Municipal0, Utility 0,
General Interest0.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted:
Grant
No.: 222 Year of Award: 1997
Investigator:
Bonnie Appleton
Title: Techniques for
holding balled and burlapped tree root balls
Key
Words: Acer platanoides, landscape
establishment, root ball holding, rooting out
Publications
Resulting From Grant: SNA Proceedings- SNA
Research Conference, 1999, Vol 44, Manuscript being prepared for the Journal of
Arboriculture
Summary
Of Findings: The overall performance of two
treatments, the treated burlap (TB and the black stretch wrap (BSW), both of
which were relatively inexpensive holding methods, should be considered by the
industry. Holding cost should not,
however, be the sole determining factor in selecting a holding method. Cost should be considered along with the
ability to supply supplemental irrigation during holding, plant response to the
holding method, and the ability to move additional roots is a treatment that
promotes considerable rooting out is selected.
Specialty
Interest: Commercial-1, Municipal-1, Utility 0,
General Interest-1.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted: Mid-Atlantic
Grant
No.: 223 Year of Award: 1997
Investigator:
James R. Fazio
Title: An Assessment
of underlying beliefs and attitudes about topping trees
Key
Words: topping, beliefs, attitudes
Publications
Resulting From Grant: Journal of Arboriculture,
Vol. 25, No. 4, July 1999
Summary
of Findings: Topping trees has long been a
problem in community forestry, not only by creating visual blight, but also by
endangering the health of trees and the safety of pedestrians and
property. A Survey was conducted in one
region of the
Specialty
Interest: Commercial-1, Municipal-1, Utility 0,
General Interest-1.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted:
Grant
No.: 224 Year of Award: 1997
Investigator:
Janette Thompson
Title: New urban tree
populations; modeling growth, carbon uptake, and pollution removal capability
for recently planted trees.
Key
Words: tree planting, tree establishment,
juvenile tree growth, c storage
Publications
Resulting From Grant: 2 manuscripts in
preparation
Summary
of Findings:
This
four year project was undertaken to evaluate the performance and potential
environmental functioning of a large number of new urban trees planted
throughout the state of Iowa from 1990-1997.
The objectives of the project were to monitor the survival and growth of
a subset of the newly planted trees, and to model carbon uptake, storage and
pollution absorption capability of these trees.
A stratified random sampling technique was used to select a population
of 932 trees in 21 communities located throughout
.
Specialty Interest:
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted: Midwestern
Grant
No.: 225 Year of Award: 1997
Investigator:
Scott Salom
Title: Sampling
methodologies for IPM of shade tree and forest insect pest
Key
Words: pest management, forest entamology
Publications
Resulting From Grant: (In preparation) USDA,
Forsest Service Publication (in preparation) Article to submit to ISA
Summary
of Findings: A review of all literature on
sampling for forest and shade tree insect pests has taken place. Over 300 publications were evaluated and 123
were deemed suitable for inclusion in our bibliography. We have summarized each paper and made the
sampling procedures available to everyone by presenting them in layperson's
terms.
Specialty
Interest: Commercial0, Municipal0, Utility 0,
General Interest0.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted: Mid-Atlantic
Grant
No.: 226 Year of Award: 1997
Investigator:
Nina Bassuk
Title: A method to
supply water to tree roots under pavement
Key
Words:
Publications
Resulting From Grant:
Summary
of Findings:
Specialty
Interest: Commercial0, Municipal0, Utility 0,
General Interest0.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted:
Grant
No.: 227 Year of Award: 1997
Investigator:
Marlene de
Matos Malavasi
Title: The effects of
vertical mulching on growth of urban tree seedlings
Key
Words: Soil compaction, urban environment, tree establishment
Publications
Resulting From Grant:
The objective of the study
is to evaluate the use of pruning materials transformed into wood chips and saw
dust on vertical channels around the tree trunk on urban tree growth, as well
as tree vigor and longevity.
Summary
of Findings:
Specialty
Interest: Commercial0, Municipal0, Utility 0,
General Interest0.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted:
Grant
No.: 228 Year of Award: 1997
Investigator:
Karen Townsend
Title: Influence of
planting depth on tree establishment success
Key
Words:
Publications
Resulting From Grant:
Summary
of Findings:
Specialty
Interest: Commercial0, Municipal0, Utility 0,
General Interest0.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted: Southern
Grant
No.: 229 Year of Award: 1997
Investigator:
Margaret Pooler
Title: Identification
of Tsuga species hybrids Using molecular Markers
Key
Words: hemlock, wooly adelgid, molecular
markers, interspecific hybrid, tsuga canadensis
Publications
Resulting From Grant:
Summary
of Findings: Crosses among T. canadensis, T.
caroliniana, T. chinensis, T. diversifolio, T. seiboldii were made to try to
provide trees with increased tolerance to the hemlock wooly adelgid. We have used a number of different molecular
markers to try to verify these hybrids, but with limited success. Currently the technique of AFLP (amplified fragment
length polymorphism) shows promise.
Specialty
Interest: Commercial0, Municipal0, Utility 0,
General Interest-1.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted: Mid-Atlantic
Grant
No.: 230 Year of Award: 1997
Investigator:
John Klironomos
Title: Mycorrhizal
inoculation of sugar Maples in an urban setting
Key
Words:
Publications
Resulting From Grant:
Summary
of Findings:
Specialty
Interest: Commercial0, Municipal0, Utility 0,
General Interest0.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted:
Grant
No.: 231 Year of Award: 1997
Investigator:
Wayne Sinclair
Title: Elm yellows
tolerance in new elm cultivars
Key
Words: Ulmus, disease, phytoplasma
Publications
Resulting From Grant: The first of two will
appear in late 2000.
Summary
of Findings: Elm cultivars released in 1980s and
1990s from the US National Arboretum are being tested for possible tolerance
of, or resistance to, infection by the phytoplasma that causes elm yellows.
Specialty
Interest: Commercial0, Municipal0, Utility 0,
General Interest0.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted:
Grant
No.: 232 Year of Award: 1997
Investigator:
Glenn Percival
Title: Quantification
of the stress tolerance of urban trees by monitoring changes in leaf
photosynthetic integrity
Key
Words:
Publications
Resulting From Grant:
Summary
of Findings:
Specialty
Interest: Commercial0, Municipal0, Utility 0,
General Interest0.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted: United
Kingdom/Ireland
Grant
No.: 233 Year of Award: 1997
Investigator:
Nina Bassuk
Title: Installation
of amended radial trenches to improve tree growth
Key
Words:
Publications
Resulting From Grant:
Summary
of Findings:
Specialty
Interest: Commercial0, Municipal0, Utility 0,
General Interest0.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted:
Grant
No.: 234 Year of Award: 1997
Investigator:
Alicia Chacalo
Title: Testing
adaptability of tree root systems for urban sites
Key
Words: Farinas uhdei, Quercus
crassifolia, Quercus crassipes, rhizotron, urban soil
Publications
Resulting From Grant:
Summary
of Findings:
Maximum depth of root penetration was greater
in fine-textured soil for all three species tested. Fraxinus roots penetrated deeper than Quercus
roots. Fraxinus root growth was reduced
in coarse textured soil, but not Quercus.
Actual maximum root penetration was often deeper than that which could
be observed growing against the rhizotron glass.
Specialty
Interest:
Chapter
In Which Research Conducted:
Grant
No.: 235 Year of Award: 1997
Investigator:
Daniel Struve
Title: Developing a
small tree/large shrub research/demonstration area
Key
Words: power line right of ways,
pruning, line clearance
Publications
Resulting From Grant:
Summary
of Findings:
Between
fall of 1997 and spring 2000, 350 individual trees from 35 species have been
planted on The Ohio State University campus.
The trees were selected for evaluation because their mature height is
reported to be less than 10m or 30 feet.
The species being evaluated as candidates for a tree replacement
program. Detailed growth and performance
information is expected to be available in fall 2001 when Kurt Bresko's MS
research is published in a web site.
Specialty
Interest: Commercial0, Municipal0, Utility 0,
General Interest0.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted:
Grant
No.: 236 Year of Award: 1997
Investigator:
Klaus Scott
Title: Effects of
tree cover on parking lot maintenance
Key
Words:
Publications
Resulting From Grant:
Summary
of Findings:
Specialty
Interest: Commercial0, Municipal0, Utility 0,
General Interest0.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted: Western
Grant
No.: 237 Year of Award: 1997
Investigator:
Gordon Heisler
Title: A personal
computer program to demonstrate tree influence on space conditioning energy use
Key
Words: Urban climate, solar radiation, wind,
heating energy use, air conditioning
Publications
Resulting From Grant:
Summary
of Findings: Trees around a house can save
energy for heating and cooling the house.
Though the net effect off trees is almost always favorable, the savings
can differ greatly with the number, size, and location of the trees. The amount of the savings also depends on the
general climate of the area, construction of the building, surrounding
topography, and the character of trees and buildings throughout the
neighborhood. Because of all of these
considerations, tree benefits are difficult to appreciate, and to illustrate to
clients. The objective of this project
is to develop an easy-to-use Windows computer program that will be useful for
arborists and others to illustrate effects of different tree arrangements on
annual energy use.
Specialty
Interest: Commercial-1, Municipal-1, Utility -1,
General Interest-1.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted:
Grant
No.: 238 Year of Award: 1997
Investigator:
Cynthia Ash
Title: Verticillium
wood chip transmission study
Key
Words: verticillum, wilt diseases, wood chips
Publications
Resulting From Grant:
Summary
of Findings: In Progress
Specialty
Interest: Commercial-1, Municipal-1, Utility 0,
General Interest-1.
Chapter
in Which Research Conducted:
Grant
No.: 239 Year of Award: 1998
Investigator:
Paula J. Peper
Title: Predicting
Street Tree Growht Rates
Key
Words: growth rate, urban forest, height, crown
diameter, biometrics
Publications Resulting